A visible component in Android purposes signifies {that a} course of is ongoing, however its length and completion standing are unknown. This UI part sometimes shows a looping animation, akin to a round spinner or a horizontal bar with steady movement. It’s employed when the system can not precisely decide how lengthy a job will take, providing a visible cue that the appliance is actively working and never frozen.
One of these progress indicator is essential for sustaining a optimistic consumer expertise. With out it, customers may understand the appliance as unresponsive, resulting in frustration and potential abandonment. Its adoption turned widespread alongside the growing complexity of cellular purposes and the necessity to handle consumer expectations throughout background operations like community requests or information processing. It gives assurance to the consumer that the appliance is functioning appropriately, even when a exact progress replace is unavailable.
The next sections will delve into the implementation particulars, customization choices, and greatest practices for integrating this explicit UI suggestions mechanism into Android purposes, guaranteeing each performance and aesthetic enchantment.
1. Visible suggestions
Visible suggestions is a crucial part of consumer interface design, particularly when an software is performing duties within the background. The presence of an “android indeterminate progress bar” serves exactly this goal, providing customers affirmation that the appliance is actively working, even when the precise completion time is unsure. With out such suggestions, customers may mistakenly understand the appliance as unresponsive or frozen, probably resulting in untimely termination or damaging perceptions.
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Signaling Exercise
The first position of an indeterminate progress indicator is to sign ongoing exercise. Not like a determinate progress bar, which shows a share or fraction of completion, the indeterminate model signifies {that a} course of is underway with out offering particular progress metrics. That is notably related for operations the place the length is unpredictable, akin to community requests or advanced information processing. The animation, sometimes a spinning circle or a shifting bar, gives steady visible affirmation that the appliance is just not idle.
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Managing Person Expectations
By displaying a visible cue, it successfully manages consumer expectations. As an alternative of observing a static display, customers are conscious that the appliance is performing a job. This reduces frustration and will increase the chance that they are going to look forward to the method to finish. Think about the state of affairs of importing a file: if the consumer sees an animated indicator, they’re extra affected person than if the display stays unchanged, even when the add takes the identical period of time.
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Stopping Perceived Unresponsiveness
A big profit is the prevention of perceived unresponsiveness. With out visible suggestions, customers may assume the appliance has crashed or develop into unresponsive, main them to force-quit the appliance. The continual animation of the indeterminate progress bar gives a continuing reminder that the appliance remains to be functioning, even in periods of obvious inactivity. That is particularly essential on cellular gadgets, the place customers have restricted persistence for unresponsive purposes.
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Customization and Branding
The visible design itself could be personalized to align with the appliance’s branding. The colour, form, and animation model could be adjusted to create a constant and visually interesting consumer expertise. Whereas the first operate stays to sign exercise, the aesthetic integration enhances the general notion of the appliance and reinforces model identification. Nevertheless, guaranteeing the customization doesn’t detract from readability and understandability is essential.
In conclusion, the visible suggestions offered by an “android indeterminate progress bar” is crucial for sustaining a optimistic consumer expertise throughout operations of unknown length. It manages expectations, prevents perceived unresponsiveness, and gives a transparent sign that the appliance is actively working, all of which contribute to consumer satisfaction and retention.
2. Person expertise
The presence and correct implementation of an Android indeterminate progress bar considerably affect consumer expertise. Its major operate is to supply suggestions throughout operations the place the length is unknown, stopping the consumer from perceiving the appliance as unresponsive. A stalled or frozen software can result in consumer frustration and app abandonment. Subsequently, the availability of visible suggestions {that a} course of is energetic is paramount to sustaining a optimistic consumer expertise. The absence of such suggestions creates uncertainty, main customers to imagine the appliance is malfunctioning. A well-integrated progress bar assures customers the appliance is actively working, even when it can not present a particular completion time. An instance is throughout preliminary loading of information from a distant server; the indeterminate indicator reassures the consumer that the appliance is making an attempt to retrieve the required info.
Moreover, the aesthetic design and placement of the indeterminate progress indicator contribute to the general consumer expertise. A progress bar that’s visually according to the appliance’s design language minimizes disruption and feels extra built-in. Poor placement or a visually jarring indicator can distract or annoy the consumer, undermining its supposed goal. Performance can also be paramount; the progress bar should seem promptly when the operation begins and disappear instantly upon completion. A delay in both look or disappearance can create confusion and detract from the consumer expertise. For example, if the indicator persists after information has loaded, customers might understand a steady background course of consuming assets.
In conclusion, the Android indeterminate progress bar is an important component in shaping consumer expertise inside purposes. By offering clear visible suggestions throughout unsure operations, it reduces consumer frustration, prevents perceived unresponsiveness, and enhances the general notion of the appliance. Its efficient implementation requires cautious consideration of design, placement, and timing, all contributing to a seamless and informative consumer interplay. Failure to appropriately implement the indicator can negatively influence consumer notion, resulting in dissatisfaction and probably app abandonment.
3. Ongoing operation
The idea of an “ongoing operation” is intrinsically linked to the implementation and goal of an Android indeterminate progress bar. The indicator visually represents the state of a course of that’s at present executing however lacks an outlined completion level or estimated time remaining. Its presence informs the consumer that the appliance is actively working, even with out concrete progress metrics.
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Process Execution
Process execution, notably background processes, ceaselessly necessitates using the indeterminate progress indicator. Operations akin to community requests, database queries, or advanced calculations can take various quantities of time to finish, making it unattainable to supply a determinate progress replace. The visible component assures the consumer that the appliance has not stalled in the course of the job’s execution. For example, when an software is fetching information from a distant server to populate a listing, the indicator communicates that the appliance is actively working to retrieve the data.
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Asynchronous Processing
Asynchronous processing is inherently tied to the necessity for indeterminate progress suggestions. When an software initiates a job on a separate thread to keep away from blocking the principle UI thread, the progress of that job is usually unknown upfront. The progress bar gives a visible illustration of the exercise occurring within the background, stopping the consumer from perceiving the appliance as unresponsive. An instance is when an software is downloading a big file within the background; the indicator alerts that the obtain is in progress, regardless that the precise time till completion is unsure.
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Useful resource Intensive Actions
Useful resource intensive actions usually require using indeterminate progress indicators as a result of fluctuating time required for completion. Processes akin to picture processing, video encoding, or encryption can range in length relying on components akin to machine efficiency and enter information. The visible component gives suggestions that the appliance is actively engaged within the resource-intensive job, assuring the consumer that the appliance is responding. An instance is when an software is making use of a filter to a high-resolution picture; the indicator demonstrates that the appliance is processing the picture, even when the time required relies on the picture measurement and processing energy.
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System Initiated Processes
System-initiated processes typically necessitate an indeterminate progress show as a result of their exact length is inherently unpredictable. Duties akin to system updates, service initialization, or machine synchronization can have variable completion occasions relying on a spread of inside components. The visible component alerts that the machine or software is actively concerned in a system-level course of, mitigating consumer anxiousness associated to perceived unresponsiveness. For example, the indicator would talk progress if an software is synchronizing consumer information with a cloud server, as the quantity of information and community circumstances can have an effect on the length of the synchronization.
These sides spotlight the crucial position of the indeterminate progress bar in visually representing ongoing operations in Android purposes. By offering a sign that the appliance is actively working, even with out particular progress metrics, it ensures a extra optimistic consumer expertise throughout duties of unsure length.
4. Unknown Period
The idea of “unknown length” is intrinsically linked to the need and goal of the Android indeterminate progress bar. This UI component serves as a visible indicator when the size of an operation can’t be precisely predicted or decided upfront, speaking to the consumer that the appliance is actively processing information or executing a job with no quantifiable completion timeline.
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Community Operations
Community operations ceaselessly contain unknown durations as a result of variability of community circumstances. Elements akin to bandwidth, latency, and server response occasions can fluctuate considerably, making it unattainable to exactly estimate how lengthy an information switch or API request will take. In these situations, an indeterminate progress bar gives a visible cue that the appliance is making an attempt to retrieve information or talk with a server, even when the completion time is unsure. For instance, downloading a file over a cellular community could possibly be affected by intermittent sign energy, thus precluding an correct time estimate.
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Advanced Calculations
Sure calculations, notably these involving massive datasets or iterative algorithms, possess an inherent component of unknown length. The time required to finish these calculations might depend upon the precise traits of the enter information, making it tough to foretell the general processing time. When an software is performing a fancy calculation, an indeterminate progress bar communicates that the appliance is actively working, even when it can not present a exact time estimate. As an illustration, rendering a fancy 3D scene requires calculations influenced by the variety of polygons and the complexity of the lighting mannequin.
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Background Processing
Background processing duties, by their nature, usually function with unsure durations. These duties might contain deferred operations, intermittent connectivity, or dependencies on exterior companies, all of which contribute to the unpredictability of their completion time. Throughout background processing, the indeterminate progress bar alerts to the consumer that the appliance continues to function, even when it isn’t actively within the foreground. An instance of that is the synchronization of software information within the background.
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Encryption and Decryption
Encryption and decryption processes inherently entail variable completion occasions primarily based on key size, algorithm complexity, and information quantity. As these parameters can range considerably, predicting length is difficult. The indeterminate progress indicator gives reassurance that the info transformation is actively in progress, with out the potential for presenting an correct timeline. The exact time to decrypt a file, for instance, relies on the system’s processing energy and the encryption algorithm employed.
In abstract, the “unknown length” of a job necessitates the implementation of an Android indeterminate progress bar. This component serves as a vital visible sign, informing the consumer that the appliance stays energetic and responsive, regardless of the absence of exact progress metrics. The progress indicator bridges the hole between the consumer’s expectation of responsiveness and the inherent uncertainties of advanced operations, guaranteeing a extra optimistic and knowledgeable expertise. These examples make clear the essential necessity for visible progress indicators when time can’t be estimated.
5. Useful resource administration
Useful resource administration performs a crucial position within the efficient implementation of the “android indeterminate progress bar.” The progress bar itself consumes system assets, albeit minimally. Nevertheless, the background course of it represents can considerably influence useful resource utilization, together with CPU cycles, reminiscence, and battery life. Improper administration of those assets in the course of the operation that the progress bar signifies can result in efficiency degradation, software instability, and a damaging consumer expertise. For example, if the background thread performing community operations is just not appropriately managed, it may result in reminiscence leaks, extreme battery drain, and even software crashes, negating the advantages of offering visible suggestions to the consumer.
The lifecycle of the background job should be meticulously managed. Correctly terminating threads and releasing allotted reminiscence upon completion of the duty is crucial. Failing to take action leads to useful resource accumulation, progressively degrading the appliance’s efficiency. Moreover, the length of the indeterminate progress bar’s visibility should align with the precise length of the background operation. Displaying the progress bar for an prolonged interval after the duty has accomplished wastes assets and confuses the consumer. As a sensible instance, take into account an software that downloads pictures. If the obtain threads are usually not correctly terminated after finishing, they proceed consuming community and reminiscence assets, even after the pictures have been exhibited to the consumer.
In conclusion, environment friendly useful resource administration is just not merely a supplementary consideration however an integral part of a well-implemented indeterminate progress indicator. Its influence extends past the visible illustration itself, affecting the general stability and efficiency of the appliance. By fastidiously managing CPU utilization, reminiscence allocation, and thread lifecycles, builders can be certain that the progress bar serves its supposed goal offering a optimistic consumer expertise with out compromising the appliance’s general useful resource effectivity. Poor useful resource administration can negate all optimistic impacts the indeterminate progress bar can produce, resulting in a degraded consumer expertise as an alternative of enhancing it.
6. Customization choices
The flexibility to tailor the visible presentation of an Android indeterminate progress bar is crucial for seamless integration with an software’s design language. Customization choices permit builders to align the indicator’s look with the general aesthetic, enhancing consumer expertise and reinforcing model identification.
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Colour Modification
Colour modification allows builders to regulate the progress bar’s colour scheme to match the appliance’s theme. By altering the first and secondary colours of the animation, the progress indicator could be seamlessly built-in into the present consumer interface. For instance, an software with a darkish theme may make the most of a light-colored progress bar for elevated visibility, whereas an software with a vibrant colour palette may make use of a progress bar with complementary hues. The flexibility to switch colours extends past aesthetics; colour selections may influence accessibility, guaranteeing the indicator stays seen to customers with visible impairments. An absence of colour customization would end in a jarring and visually inconsistent consumer interface.
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Form and Model Alteration
Form and magnificence alteration gives the flexibleness to switch the bodily look of the progress bar. Frequent customizations embrace altering the form from a round spinner to a horizontal bar or adjusting the thickness and curvature of the animated components. Some purposes make use of a custom-designed form that aligns with their model emblem or visible identification. For instance, a gaming software may use a stylized form paying homage to a recreation component. Customized shapes can improve the consumer’s engagement with the appliance, however they require cautious design to keep up readability and keep away from visible litter. With out alteration capabilities, integration into distinctive UIs turns into difficult.
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Animation Adjustment
Animation adjustment permits builders to fine-tune the animation properties of the progress bar, akin to pace, course, and transition results. Altering the animation can affect the perceived pace of the background course of and create a extra participating visible expertise. For instance, a quicker animation could be used to convey a way of urgency, whereas a smoother transition impact can create a extra polished and refined look. Cautious consideration of animation properties is essential to keep away from distracting or overwhelming the consumer. Restricted animation modification may end in an ineffective or inappropriate visible cue.
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Dimension and Placement Management
Dimension and placement management allows builders to regulate the size and site of the progress bar throughout the software’s structure. Exact management over measurement and placement is crucial for guaranteeing the progress bar is seen with out obstructing crucial content material. The scale needs to be proportionate to the encompassing UI components, and the location needs to be intuitive and according to established UI conventions. For instance, a full-screen progress bar could be used throughout software startup, whereas a smaller indicator could be positioned close to the component being loaded. Insufficient measurement or poor placement can render the progress bar ineffective or distracting. With out these modification choices, constant software design turns into very difficult.
These customization choices empower builders to combine the indeterminate progress indicator seamlessly into their purposes, guaranteeing a cohesive and interesting consumer expertise. By fastidiously tailoring the looks of the progress bar, builders can present efficient visible suggestions to customers whereas sustaining a constant model identification. The dearth of customization can result in consumer interfaces that lack cohesion and polish.
7. Thread administration
Efficient thread administration is paramount when implementing an Android indeterminate progress bar. The progress bar sometimes signifies a background operation, which should be executed on a separate thread to stop blocking the principle UI thread. Neglecting this side results in an unresponsive software, negating the advantages of offering visible suggestions to the consumer.
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Avoiding UI Thread Blocking
Background duties, akin to community requests or advanced calculations, executed instantly on the principle UI thread will freeze the appliance’s interface. An indeterminate progress bar, designed to supply visible affirmation of ongoing exercise, turns into counterproductive if the UI itself turns into unresponsive. By offloading these duties to employee threads, the UI stays responsive, permitting the progress bar to satisfy its supposed goal. For instance, an software downloading a big file should carry out the obtain on a background thread to keep away from freezing the principle UI.
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Correct Thread Synchronization
When a background thread updates the UI (e.g., dismissing the progress bar upon job completion), synchronization mechanisms are important to make sure thread security. Failure to synchronize entry to UI components from a number of threads can result in race circumstances, leading to unpredictable habits and potential software crashes. Strategies akin to `runOnUiThread()` or `Handler` objects are employed to securely replace the UI from background threads. An instance entails updating the progress bar’s visibility after a community request completes; with out correct synchronization, the progress bar might disappear prematurely or under no circumstances.
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Thread Lifecycle Administration
Background threads needs to be correctly managed all through their lifecycle to stop useful resource leaks and guarantee well timed completion. Threads that aren’t correctly terminated can proceed consuming assets even after the related job is full, resulting in efficiency degradation and battery drain. Mechanisms akin to `AsyncTask` or `ExecutorService` present structured methods to handle thread creation, execution, and termination. An software processing pictures ought to terminate its processing threads upon completion to launch reminiscence assets and keep away from pointless battery consumption.
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Exception Dealing with in Threads
Exceptions thrown in background threads can propagate to the principle UI thread if not correctly dealt with, probably crashing the appliance. Implementing acceptable exception dealing with inside background threads, akin to `try-catch` blocks, ensures that errors are gracefully dealt with with out impacting the appliance’s stability. Logging exceptions or displaying an error message to the consumer can enhance the general consumer expertise. For instance, an software performing a community request ought to deal with potential `IOExceptions` to stop the appliance from crashing as a result of community connectivity points.
These sides of thread administration are crucial to the profitable implementation of an Android indeterminate progress bar. Correct thread administration ensures that the progress bar precisely displays the continued standing of a background operation with out compromising the appliance’s responsiveness or stability. Failing to handle these points can result in a degraded consumer expertise, undermining the advantages of offering visible suggestions throughout long-running duties.
8. Various options
Whereas the indeterminate progress bar serves as an ordinary visible cue for ongoing processes of unknown length, different options exist that may supply enhanced readability or be extra acceptable in particular contexts. These alternate options are usually not replacements in all conditions however fairly supplementary or conditionally superior strategies for conveying processing standing. The selection relies upon closely on the precise nature of the continued operation, the data accessible about its progress, and the specified consumer expertise.
One different entails offering extra contextual info alongside the progress indicator. As an alternative of a easy spinning wheel, the appliance shows descriptive textual content in regards to the job being carried out. For example, as an alternative of a generic indicator, the display may show “Downloading file metadata…” or “Processing picture filters…”. This textual suggestions affords better transparency, assuring the consumer that the appliance is just not stalled and offering perception into the present stage of the method. One other strategy contains using a determinate progress bar even when the precise length is unknown. That is achieved by estimating the general progress primarily based on sub-tasks or heuristics, offering a visible approximation of completion. An instance is an set up course of that, whereas unpredictable in whole time, can estimate progress primarily based on the variety of information extracted or configuration steps accomplished.
The importance of contemplating different options lies in enhancing consumer understanding and belief. A generic indeterminate indicator could be perceived as imprecise and even misleading if used inappropriately. By selecting extra informative or context-aware visible suggestions mechanisms, the appliance fosters a extra optimistic and clear consumer expertise. The number of acceptable progress suggestions strategies is thus a vital side of UI design, instantly impacting consumer satisfaction and perceived software high quality. Moreover, using acceptable useful resource managent is crucial, and shouldn’t be compromised when utilizing alternate options.
9. Accessibility issues
Accessibility issues are a elementary part of efficient Android software improvement, notably regarding UI components such because the indeterminate progress bar. The first operate of this progress indicator is to supply visible suggestions throughout ongoing processes. Nevertheless, its utility is considerably diminished if it isn’t accessible to all customers, together with these with visible impairments or different disabilities. An absence of accessibility options can render the appliance unusable for a subset of the consumer base, creating a major barrier to entry. For instance, a progress bar relying solely on colour to point exercise can be inaccessible to customers with colour blindness. In distinction, a correctly carried out progress bar would supply different cues, akin to textual descriptions or display reader compatibility, guaranteeing inclusivity.
The sensible implementation of accessibility options entails a number of key points. Firstly, offering descriptive textual content labels that may be learn by display readers is essential. This enables visually impaired customers to grasp the standing of the continued course of. Secondly, guaranteeing adequate distinction between the progress bar and its background is important for customers with low imaginative and prescient. Thirdly, offering different visible or auditory cues, akin to animations or sound results, can improve accessibility for customers with numerous sensory impairments. The impact of those options is to rework the progress bar from a probably exclusionary component into an inclusive software that successfully communicates processing standing to all customers. An instance of such strategy is together with an `android:contentDescription` attribute on the `ProgressBar` component throughout the XML structure, guaranteeing display readers can precisely describe the part’s position and state.
Accessibility issues are usually not merely an elective add-on however a necessary side of accountable Android improvement. By designing progress bars with accessibility in thoughts, builders be certain that their purposes are usable by a wider viewers, fostering inclusivity and demonstrating a dedication to user-centered design. The Android framework gives a number of instruments and tips to facilitate the creation of accessible UI components, and adherence to those ideas is crucial for creating actually inclusive purposes. The advantages of this strategy lengthen past compliance with accessibility requirements, contributing to a extra optimistic and equitable consumer expertise for all. The inherent problem lies in builders internalizing accessibility as a elementary part of the design course of, fairly than an afterthought.
Continuously Requested Questions
This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning the implementation, utilization, and greatest practices for using the “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar” in software improvement.
Query 1: What’s the major operate of the “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar”?
The first operate is to supply visible suggestions to the consumer {that a} course of is ongoing, notably when the length or completion standing of that course of is unknown. It alerts exercise and prevents the notion of an unresponsive software.
Query 2: When is it acceptable to make use of an “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar” versus a determinate progress bar?
An indeterminate progress bar is acceptable when the appliance can not precisely estimate the length of the method. A determinate progress bar needs to be used when the appliance can present quantifiable progress updates towards completion.
Query 3: How does one be certain that an “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar” doesn’t negatively influence software efficiency?
Be sure that the background course of the indicator represents is executed on a separate thread to stop blocking the principle UI thread. Correct thread administration and useful resource allocation are crucial to sustaining software responsiveness.
Query 4: What are the important thing accessibility issues when implementing an “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar”?
Present descriptive textual content labels for display readers, guarantee adequate distinction between the progress bar and its background, and take into account different visible or auditory cues for customers with sensory impairments. These measures assure that the progress indication is usable by a variety of customers.
Query 5: How can the looks of an “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar” be personalized?
The progress bar’s colour, form, measurement, and animation could be personalized to align with the appliance’s design language. Modifying these attributes enhances the visible consistency and consumer expertise.
Query 6: What are some different visible suggestions mechanisms moreover the “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar”?
Alternate options embrace displaying descriptive textual content in regards to the job being carried out or using a determinate progress bar with estimated progress updates. The number of a suggestions methodology is determined by the precise context and data accessible.
In abstract, the “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar” serves as a invaluable software for informing customers of ongoing operations, however its efficient implementation requires cautious consideration of efficiency, accessibility, and customization choices. Various options exist that will present better readability relying on the precise use case.
The next part will discover superior implementation methods and troubleshooting methods for the “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar”.
Android Indeterminate Progress Bar
Efficient integration of the part requires cautious consideration of design ideas, efficiency implications, and consumer expertise components. The next suggestions present steerage for optimizing the implementation of this UI component.
Tip 1: Make use of Background Threads Rigorously: All operations indicated by the component should execute on background threads. Blocking the principle UI thread renders the progress indication meaningless and degrades the consumer expertise, probably resulting in software unresponsiveness.
Tip 2: Synchronize UI Updates Rigorously: Updates to the progress bar’s visibility or attributes from background threads should be correctly synchronized utilizing mechanisms akin to `runOnUiThread()` or `Handler` objects. Failure to take action can lead to race circumstances and unpredictable habits.
Tip 3: Optimize Process Period Estimation: Whereas the UI component is inherently indeterminate, efforts needs to be made to estimate the utmost doable length of the related job. This enables for a timed dismissal of the progress bar if the duty exceeds cheap closing dates, stopping indefinite show.
Tip 4: Design for Visible Concord: The visible look of the progress bar ought to complement the appliance’s general design language. Customizing the colour, form, and animation model ensures a constant and aesthetically pleasing consumer interface. Keep away from overly distracting or intrusive animations.
Tip 5: Present Contextual Data: Complement the progress bar with descriptive textual content indicating the precise job being carried out. This gives better readability to the consumer and reduces uncertainty concerning the appliance’s exercise.
Tip 6: Take a look at on a Vary of Gadgets: Validate the progress bar’s look and efficiency throughout a wide range of Android gadgets with totally different display sizes and {hardware} capabilities. This ensures a constant consumer expertise whatever the machine.
Tip 7: Prioritize Accessibility: Incorporate accessibility options akin to descriptive textual content labels for display readers and adequate colour distinction to make sure usability for all customers, together with these with visible impairments.
Constant software of the following tips will contribute to a simpler and user-friendly implementation of the component, enhancing the general high quality of the appliance.
The concluding part will summarize the core ideas mentioned and supply closing remarks on the “Android Indeterminate Progress Bar”.
Conclusion
The previous dialogue has elucidated the aim, implementation nuances, and demanding issues surrounding the “android indeterminate progress bar.” Key points, together with its position in consumer expertise, the need for correct thread administration, and the significance of accessibility, have been completely examined. Moreover, different options and customization choices have been explored to supply a complete understanding of this UI component.
The efficient utilization of the “android indeterminate progress bar” hinges on a dedication to considerate design and meticulous execution. Its means to reinforce consumer notion and stop software abandonment is contingent upon adherence to greatest practices, a dedication to accessibility, and a steady pursuit of optimization. Builders are inspired to internalize these ideas and try for excellence of their integration of this invaluable, but probably problematic, part.
